Body Mass Index

The Body Mass Index - BMI

A body mass index can also be known as also the Quetelet index. It is a statistical measurement which measures an individual's body weight and height. It's a useful tool for estimating a healthy body weight . Based on how tall an individual is. It's accurate and is the most used method for identifying the weight issue.

Criteria For Underweight And Obesity By BMI

Now with the help of an understanding of the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for obesity and overweight through BMI you will be able to find out if this person falls within the categories of underweight, average weight overweight or falls in the category of obesity.

Calculation Of BMI

BMI that of any individual is determined using the following formula: Body Mass Index (BMI) = Body weight / (height x height)
Here the weight of the person will be noted in kilograms, and the height is calculated in meters.
Example:
Suppose an individual's body weight is 70 kg and his/her height is 1.60 meters. Calculate these numbers.
BMI = 70 / (1.60 x 1.60) = 70 / 2.56 = 27.34 kg/m2
Today, with the help of an assessment of the World Health Organisation (WHO) the criteria for obese and overweight have been updated.
By BMI By analyzing BMI, you are able to learn if the person is under the category of normal or overweight.
the overweight, weight or falls in the category of obesity.

Precautions During Measurements

These precautions should be observed while taking measurements for BMI.

  1. The body's weight needs to be taken on an efficient and precise weigh machine.
  2. The student who's body weight has to be measured, should wear the minimum necessary clothes without shoes.
  3. During the measurement of height the student should be bare-footed and his/her entire body needs to be straight.

Physical Fitness Test (AAPHERD Test Score)

AAPHERD i.e. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is a fitness test that helps measure and evaluate level of fitness of the youth. The first version of the test was made public in the year 1958. It was then revised in 1966 , and then in 1976. Many modifications to the test's testing battery were made in the year 1976 by the AAPHER fitness test. This test is intended to measure the fitness levels of youth. The tests measure the body's composition the flexibility, agility, coordination the upper body, and aerobic endurance. The tests are designed so that they can be administered by professionals on the job.

These are the components for The AAPHERD assessment of physical strength:

  1. Pull ups (boys)
  2. Flexed-arm hang (girls)
  3. Flexed leg sit ups
  4. Shuttle run
  5. Standing broad jump
  6. 50-yard dash 9 minutes of run for children aged 10-12 years old. 1.5 mile and 12 minute run for children 13 and up.

In 1980 AAPHERD introduced the "Physical Best" test which contained the following items:
1. 1 1/2 mile walk or a 12-minute run
2. Measurement of body fat by skin fold
3. Sit ups
4. Pull ups
5. Sit and test your reach

The test for physical fitness recognizes students' fitness in the above tests.

Shuttle Run

The test measures speed, agility and speed of the students. Set two parallel lines 30 feet apart and place two blocks of wood, between the two lines. Students start at the opposite line. When the signal "Go" is given, the student races across the block, picks one up, returns to the starting line, places block on the line, comes back and grabs the next block before running back to the starting line. Blocks should be placed within the lines.

Pull-Ups Testing

A student hangs from a horizontal bar that the student is able to be hung from, arms fully extended and feet off the ground using either an grip or under hand grip. Students of short heights can be lifted to a starting position. They will raise the body until the it is clear of the bar. They then lower.
Body is brought to full hang position. The student does as many correct pull-ups as he is able to.

Flexed- Arm Hang Testing

Utilizing an overhand grip or underhand grip, student is able to assume a flexed arm hang position , with the chin cleaving the bar. Students can be lifted up to this position. Students can hold this position for as long as he's able.

Flexed Arm Hang Scoring

Student's chest should be held close to the bar, with the legs hanging straight. The duration of the timer will be stopped when the student's chin touches or falls below the bar.

Standing Long Jump

The standing long jump is a very popular and easy test that tests the power of your legs. The student stands behind one of the lines marked on the ground. With their feet a little apart. A two-foot jump and landing can be achieved using the swing of arms and bending knees to create the forward drive. The student tries to leap as far as possible by landing on both feet while not falling backwards. Three attempts are allowed. The measurement is calculated from the take-off line to the nearest point of contact at landing the distance that is the longest jumped in three attempts. The best three times are recorded.

50-Yard Dash

This is a test used to evaluate the speed of the student. The student is placed behind the starting line , and begins running when the signal says 'Go'. When the entire distance has been covered, the amount of time taken to complete 50 yards is noted.

The latest test from AAPHERD will attempt to measure the fitness and health

1. 1 1/2 Mile Walk/Run Or 12-Minute Run

Students are expected to run 1.5 mile. Their time is recorded using a stop watch. If this method is not sufficient, the students are told to do a 12-minute run. This way, their distance is recorded. This is the first method that is considered as the best method to measure the aerobic fitness.

2. Skin Fold Measurement:

The calipers' skin is used for measuring how thick fat is in different areas of the body. After checking the thickness of various parts of body, the measurements are then placed in one equation (different equation for boys and girls) in order to calculate the density of the body. After calculating body density, the data is placed in equations to calculate the body fat percentage. All measurements must be done on the right side of the body.
The three components that are listed below are measured:
(a) Abdominal skinfold
(b) Chest skinfold
(c) Arm skinfold

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